Importance of identifying some common and some distinct features of consolidation and reconsolidation. Main section will offer a perspective on the significance of the phenomenon termed reconsolidation, including evaluating the Also, within thisīroad topic, the article will consider what the consolidation theory is against which reconsolidation is a reaction. The first, and longest, section addresses the question: What are the neurobiologicalīases for amnesias and how do the multiple bases for amnesia inform what we know about memory processes? In addition to discussingĪ traditional memory consolidation interpretation of amnesia, three other possibilities will be considered.
The goal of the present article is to open dialogues that include broader discussions of the significance of consolidation–reconsolidationĮxperiments. Interpreting the results of consolidation–reconsolidation experiments. However, there are many alternatives to both positions that may be useful when That are the substrate mechanisms for memory. One must accept the interpretation of studies of amnesia as indicating that the treatments interfere with key biological processes
First, one must acceptĪ version of consolidation theory that claims that memories are formed over time until they reach an immutable state. There are important assumptions embedded in these descriptions of consolidation and reconsolidation. 2000 Sara 2000 Nader 2003 Dudai 2004 Dudai and Eisenberg 2004 Alberini 2005 Rudy et al. Old memories can be reconsolidated (for reviews, see Nader et al. Returning an old memory to a state in which the memory is again sensitive to amnestic treatments, supporting the idea that Sara 2000) interest in the possibility that retrieval of old memories renders them once again susceptible to amnestic treatments, i.e., The past few years have seenĪ re-emergence of earlier (cf. Initiated by an experience continue for some time after training until they become consolidated. Memory decreases as the time between training and treatment increases, forming the basis for the idea that memory processes The efficacy of these treatments in impairing later Many treatments impair memory when administered soon after an experience. The neurobiological bases by which new memories are altered by prior experiences and by which old memories are altered by Studies of memory remodulation offer promise of understanding But the view adopted here is that memories are continually malleable, being updated by new experiences and,Īt the same time, altering the memories of later experiences. It is this perspective that appears to have led to the recent interest in memory Perhaps unattainable time constant of memory consolidation, some current views of memory consolidation assume that memories,
Based on these findings, memory consolidationĪnd reconsolidation studies might better be identified as memory modulation and “remodulation” studies. Of related interest, converging lines of evidence suggest that inhibitors of protein synthesis and of other biochemical processesĪct on modulators of memory formation rather than on mechanisms of memory formation. Views include modulation of memory and emphasize the roles that hormones and neurotransmitters have in regulating memory formation. The evidence is inconsistent with identification of basic temporal properties of memory consolidation. However, there is clear andĬonsistent evidence that the time courses obtained in these amnesia experiments are highly variable within and across experimentsĪnd treatments. Potentiation experiments are presumed to reveal the duration of short-term memory processing. Observed after many amnestic treatments, including protein synthesis inhibitors, and the parallel decay seen in long-term Gradients are often interpreted as revealing the time needed for the formation of long-term memories. Results from studies of retrograde amnesia provide much of the evidence for theories of memory consolidation.
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